Types of Screwdrivers: The Complete Guide

Choosing the wrong screwdriver strips fasteners, damages workpieces, and wastes time. This guide covers every common screwdriver type so you can match the right driver to the right screw - every time.

Screwdriver Types at a Glance

Phillips Screwdriver

The Phillips head is the most widely used screwdriver type in the world. Its cross-shaped tip is designed to cam out under excess torque, which prevents over-tightening. Sizes range from PH000 (electronics) to PH4 (heavy construction).

Flat Head (Slotted) Screwdriver

The oldest screwdriver type, dating back to the 15th century. A flat blade fits a single straight slot. Still essential for electrical terminals, paint-can lids, and older hardware. The main downside: the blade can slip sideways under torque.

Torx (Star) Screwdriver

Torx screwdrivers use a six-point star pattern that resists cam-out far better than Phillips. Originally developed for the automotive industry, Torx is now standard in electronics, appliances, and machinery. Security Torx variants have a centre pin that prevents standard Torx bits from engaging.

Hex (Allen) Screwdriver

Hex drivers fit hexagonal socket head screws. Available as L-keys, T-handles, and screwdriver-style tools. Metric sizes (1.5 mm – 10 mm) dominate worldwide, but imperial sizes (1/16″ – 3/8″) are common in the US.

Torque Screwdriver

A torque screwdriver applies a precise, repeatable amount of rotational force. When the preset torque value is reached, an internal clutch slips or clicks. This is critical in aerospace, medical devices, and electronics where over-tightening can crack components or under-tightening can cause failure.

Impact Screwdriver

Impact screwdrivers convert a hammer blow into rotational force, loosening seized or corroded fasteners that would strip with a standard driver. Manual impact drivers require a hammer strike; powered impact drivers use a motor and anvil mechanism.

Precision Screwdriver Set

Precision screwdriver sets contain miniature drivers for electronics, watches, eyeglasses, and small devices. Common bit types include Phillips PH000/PH00, Torx T3–T6, Pentalobe, Tri-Wing, and flat blades under 3 mm.

Insulated Screwdrivers

VDE-rated insulated screwdrivers protect against electric shock up to 1000V AC. The insulating sleeve covers the shaft, leaving only the tip exposed. Required by safety regulations for any work on or near live electrical circuits.

Ratchet Screwdriver

Ratchet screwdrivers have an internal gear mechanism that allows continuous turning in one direction without lifting the driver. A switch selects forward, reverse, or locked mode. They dramatically speed up repetitive fastening tasks and work well in tight spaces.

Robertson (Square Drive) Screwdriver

Invented in Canada in 1908, the Robertson uses a square recess that provides excellent grip with zero cam-out. Colour-coded by size (#0 orange, #1 yellow, #2 green, #3 red, #4 black), it dominates Canadian construction but is less common elsewhere due to historical licensing disputes.

Pozidriv Screwdriver

Pozidriv was developed in 1962 to eliminate Phillips cam-out. It looks similar to Phillips but has additional tick marks at 45° between the cross arms. Standard in European construction and cabinetry. Using a Phillips driver on Pozidriv screws damages both - they are not interchangeable.

JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) Screwdriver

JIS screwdrivers look almost identical to Phillips but have straighter flutes and no cam-out. Found on Japanese motorcycles, cameras, and electronics. Using a Phillips on JIS screws strips them - look for a dot punch mark on the screw head to identify JIS fasteners.

Electric & Cordless Screwdrivers

Electric screwdrivers use a motor to drive fasteners, saving time and wrist strain on repetitive work. Available in corded and cordless (battery-powered) variants, with voltages from 3.6V for light-duty to 12V+ for heavy tasks. Not the same as a drill/driver - screwdrivers have lower torque and more precision.

Security & Tamperproof Screwdrivers

Security screwdrivers fit tamper-resistant fasteners designed to prevent unauthorised removal. Types include pin-in-Torx, spanner (snake-eye), one-way, tri-groove, and Pentalobe. Found on public fixtures, game consoles, and electronics where manufacturers want to discourage disassembly.

Specialty Screwdrivers

Beyond the standard types, specialty screwdrivers solve specific access or torque problems: stubby drivers for tight spaces, offset/right-angle drivers for 90° access, flexible-shaft drivers for reaching behind obstacles, and multi-bit drivers that store multiple tips in the handle.

How to Choose the Right Screwdriver